Food is given to the larvae by trophallaxis, a process in which an ant regurgitates liquid food held in its crop. [77][78], Ants attack and defend themselves by biting and, in many species, by stinging, often injecting or spraying chemicals, such as formic acid in the case of formicine ants, alkaloids and piperidines in fire ants, and a variety of protein components in other ants. [142], Lemon ants make devil's gardens by killing surrounding plants with their stings and leaving a pure patch of lemon ant trees, (Duroia hirsuta). 750-1050)-language text, Articles with text in West Germanic languages, Articles containing Proto-Germanic-language text, Articles containing Portuguese-language text, Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles containing Romanian-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 10 February 2021, at 16:50. Some species live in the nests of other species as parasites. The conspicuous red gasters are mistaken by birds for ripe fruits, such as Hyeronima alchorneoides, and eaten. The ant Allomerus decemarticulatus has evolved a three-way association with the host plant, Hirtella physophora (Chrysobalanaceae), and a sticky fungus which is used to trap their insect prey. Like other insects, ants perceive smells with their long, thin, and mobile antennae. Since they lack gills, they go to trapped pockets of air in the submerged nests to breathe. [81], Fire ants, Solenopsis spp., are unique in having a venom sac containing piperidine alkaloids. Ants thrive in most ecosystems and may form 15–25% of the terrestrial animal biomass. By default, all of the properties of the current project will be available in the new project.Alternatively, you can set the inheritAll attribute to false and only"user" properties (i.e., th… They are the sub-order Isoptera, and together with cockroaches they form the order Blattodea. [132], Ants form symbiotic associations with a range of species, including other ant species, other insects, plants, and fungi. These characters are often credited with a hive mind, a common misconception about ant colonies. ANT is a Wireless Personal Network protocol, by Garmin Canada, with small size, reasonable cost and very low power requirements. In this ant-fungus mutualism, both species depend on each other for survival. [31] The relative ease with which ants may be sampled and studied in ecosystems has made them useful as indicator species in biodiversity studies. [185] Weaver ant eggs and larvae, as well as the ants, may be used in a Thai salad, yam (Thai: ยำ), in a dish called yam khai mot daeng (Thai: ยำไข่มดแดง) or red ant egg salad, a dish that comes from the Issan or north-eastern region of Thailand. Of the species that lived in the Eocene epoch, around one in 10 genera survive to the present. [68] Males typically take flight before the females. Black ants collect and store these and other seeds in their nest, where humans can gather them en masse. Some ants will raid stored food, some will seek water sources, others may damage indoor structures, some may damage agricultural crops directly (or by aiding sucking pests). [109] Directions are measured using the position of the sun. Some species or genera commonly categorized as pests include the Argentine ant, pavement ant, yellow crazy ant, banded sugar ant, pharaoh ant, red wood ant, black carpenter ant, odorous house ant, red imported fire ant, and European fire ant. The most extreme form involves the production of clonal offspring. The only places lacking indigenous ants are Antarctica and a few remote or inhospitable islands. [198] Ant bites are used in the initiation ceremonies of some Amazon Indian cultures as a test of endurance. It appears that the fungus alters the behaviour of the ant to help disperse its spores [162] in a microhabitat that best suits the fungus. [204], Ants also are quite popular inspiration for many science-fiction insectoids, such as the Formics of Ender's Game, the Bugs of Starship Troopers, the giant ants in the films Them! Habits of the African driver ant (Dorylus) are similar. Based on the assumption that "everyone is pursuing happiness at work", we have added the two values of "Meaningfulness" and "Growth" on the basis of "Certainty" and "Naturalness" to guide each designer towards better judgment and decision-making. All of these words come from West Germanic *ǣmaitjōn, and the original meaning of the word was "the biter" (from Proto-Germanic *ai-, "off, away" + *mait- "cut"). [116][117] [106], Foraging ants travel distances of up to 200 metres (700 ft) from their nest [107] and scent trails allow them to find their way back even in the dark. Wood ants collecting dried resin from a pine tree, with one ant becoming trapped in the sticky substance. Pre-installed by the phone manufacturer, this service allows you to connect ANT+ devices to apps on your phone. Some species also form floating rafts that help them survive floods. If a particular type of leaf is found to be toxic to the fungus, the colony will no longer collect it. Ant, (family Formicidae), any of approximately 10,000 species of insects (order Hymenoptera) that are social in habit and live together in organized colonies. Like all ants, they can also make use of visual landmarks when available[112] as well as olfactory and tactile cues to navigate. [60], Ants are active all year long in the tropics, but, in cooler regions, they survive the winter in a state of dormancy known as hibernation. Workers of the slave-making ant Protomognathus americanus raid nests of Temnothorax ants, stealing the latter’s pupae. In a few species, wingless queens (ergatoids) and males occur. [144] One theory that has been proposed for the rarity of pollination is that the secretions of the metapleural gland inactivate and reduce the viability of pollen. [48] These polymorphisms are caused by relatively small genetic changes; differences in a single gene of Solenopsis invicta can decide whether the colony will have single or multiple queens. Therefore, unlike their wasp ancestors, most ants travel by walking. [154] Some plants in arid, fire-prone systems are particularly dependent on ants for their survival and dispersal as the seeds are transported to safety below the ground. [122] These rafts may also have a role in allowing ants to colonise islands. [182] According to this estimate, there are also approximately 1 million ants for every human on Earth. They enlarge the nest, forage for food, and care for the other eggs. The queen of Bothriomyrmex decapitans of Africa, for example, allows herself to be dragged by Tapinoma ants into their nest. [205], Borror, Triplehorn & Delong (1989), p. 737, Borror, Triplehorn & Delong (1989), pp. This modification of the forest provides the ants with more nesting sites inside the stems of the Duroia trees. The ant seizes the edges of the wound in its mandibles and locks in place. [152] Seed dispersal by ants or myrmecochory is widespread, and new estimates suggest that nearly 9% of all plant species may have such ant associations. Those using scientific methods, myrmecologists, study ants in the laboratory and in their natural conditions. A phylogeny of the extant ant subfamilies. The females can selectively fertilise future eggs with the sperm stored to produce diploid workers or lay unfertilized haploid eggs to produce drones. In computer strategy games, ant-based species often benefit from increased production rates due to their single-minded focus, such as the Klackons in the Master of Orion series of games or the ChCht in Deadlock II. The larva is largely immobile and is fed and cared for by workers. [188] Studies on ants have tested hypotheses in ecology and sociobiology, and have been particularly important in examining the predictions of theories of kin selection and evolutionarily stable strategies. Their success in so many environments has been attributed to their social organisation and their ability to modify habitats, tap resources, and defend themselves. [203], In the early 1990s, the video game SimAnt, which simulated an ant colony, won the 1992 Codie award for "Best Simulation Program". Army ants, of the subfamily Dorylinae, are nomadic and notorious for the destruction of plant and animal life in their path. Nests are erected and maintained; chambers and tunnels are excavated; and territories are defended. The Argentine ant, however, does not have this characteristic, due to lack of genetic diversity, and has become a global pest because of it. As the colony travels, the growing larvae are carried along by the workers. There, they break off their wings using their tibial spurs and begin to lay and care for eggs. They are easily identified by their elbowed a… The largest ants cut stalks, smaller workers chew the leaves and the smallest tend the fungus. Ant bites are often said to have curative properties. Ant and Dec are back filming together now, for the likes of I'm A Celebrity and the Britain's Got Talent final which airs 10 October. [155] Many ant-dispersed seeds have special external structures, elaiosomes, that are sought after by ants as food. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [74] This allows other ants to detect what task group (e.g., foraging or nest maintenance) other colony members belong to. These nests may be found in the ground, under stones or logs, inside logs, hollow stems, or even acorns. The life cycle of the ant has four stages, including egg, larva, pupa, and adult, and spans a period of 8 to 10 weeks. A parasitic queen may enter the host nest before the first brood has hatched, establishing herself prior to development of a colony scent. [25][26] Ants occupy a wide range of ecological niches and exploit many different food resources as direct or indirect herbivores, predators and scavengers. Since most ants live on the ground, they use the soil surface to leave pheromone trails that may be followed by other ants. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Leafcutter ants and many other ant species are common in tropical rainforests.↵(48 sec; 8 MB). Symbiotic bacteria on the exterior surface of the ants produce antibiotics that kill bacteria introduced into the nest that may harm the fungi. [2] However, some ants, such as Australia's bulldog ant, have excellent vision and are capable of discriminating the distance and size of objects moving nearly a metre away. The nuptial flight usually takes place in the late spring or early summer when the weather is hot and humid. [143] Although some ants obtain nectar from flowers, pollination by ants is somewhat rare, one example being of the pollination of the orchid Leporella fimbriata which induces male Myrmecia urens to pseudocopulate with the flowers, transferring pollen in the process. [136], Myrmecophilous (ant-loving) caterpillars of the butterfly family Lycaenidae (e.g., blues, coppers, or hairstreaks) are herded by the ants, led to feeding areas in the daytime, and brought inside the ants' nest at night. [73] Pheromones are produced by a wide range of structures including Dufour's glands, poison glands and glands on the hindgut, pygidium, rectum, sternum, and hind tibia. In hot and arid regions, day-foraging ants face death by desiccation, so the ability to find the shortest route back to the nest reduces that risk. This article was most recently revised and updated by, ant - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), ant - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Follow the trails of leafcutter ants stripping rainforest foliage to cultivate fungus-based food in their nest, Hear Edward O. Wilson talk about his research on how ants find the death of another, Observe an Eciton army ant colony migrating by night and forming a bivouac nest entirely out of themselves, See wood ants collecting dried resin from a pine tree, and the dangers of the resin for the tiny creatures. Creating JAR files with Ant is quite easy with the jar task. Their ability to exploit resources may bring ants into conflict with humans, however, as they can damage crops and invade buildings. In more recent times, animated cartoons and 3-D animated films featuring ants have been produced including Antz, A Bug's Life, The Ant Bully, The Ant and the Aardvark, Ferdy the Ant and Atom Ant. [35], The metasoma (the "abdomen") of the ant houses important internal organs, including those of the reproductive, respiratory (tracheae), and excretory systems. [111] Army ants forage in a wide roving column, attacking any animals in that path that are unable to escape. Like virtually all ants, they are eusocial, but their social behaviour is poorly developed compared to other species. ANT is a wireless protocol, similar to Bluetooth®, that is predominantly used for sport and fitness wireless connectivity. [3][19], During the Cretaceous period, a few species of primitive ants ranged widely on the Laurasian supercontinent (the Northern Hemisphere). [107] Some termites, including Nasutitermes corniger, form associations with certain ant species to keep away predatory ant species. Females of some species mate with just one male but in others they may mate with as many as ten or more different males, storing the sperm in their spermathecae.[69]. [90], Nests may be protected from physical threats such as flooding and overheating by elaborate nest architecture. He was the host of VH1 reality series Celebrity Fit Club and was a regular judge of talent on Steve Harvey's Big Time. An extreme of sexual conflict is seen in Wasmannia auropunctata, where the queens produce diploid daughters by thelytokous parthenogenesis and males produce clones by a process whereby a diploid egg loses its maternal contribution to produce haploid males who are clones of the father. The social behaviour of the ants, along with that of the honeybees, is the most complex in the insect world. Take advantage of our Presidents' Day bonus! Sounds may be used to communicate with colony members or with other species. in 2014[4]. [161], Fungi in the genera Cordyceps and Ophiocordyceps infect ants. [47] This polymorphism in morphology and behaviour of workers initially was thought to be determined by environmental factors such as nutrition and hormones that led to different developmental paths; however, genetic differences between worker castes have been noted in Acromyrmex sp. The ants feed on structures produced by the fungi called gongylidia. Ants perform many ecological roles that are beneficial to humans, including the suppression of pest populations and aeration of the soil. She then bites off the head of the Tapinoma queen and begins laying her own eggs, which are cared for by the “enslaved” Tapinoma workers. The base directory for the output JAR file. If no target attribute is supplied, the default target of the new project is used. Usually the largest workers in the colony develop into repletes; and, if repletes are removed from the colony, other workers become repletes, demonstrating the flexibility of this particular polymorphism. [119], The female worker ants do not have wings and reproductive females lose their wings after their mating flights in order to begin their colonies. [163] Strepsipteran parasites also manipulate their ant host to climb grass stems, to help the parasite find mates. Management is based on the species and techniques may vary according to the location and circumstance. Which beetle is also known as the tumblebug and can eat its weight in 24 hours? Hi, my name is Ant! When the antfile attribute is omitted, the file build.xml in the supplieddirectory (dirattribute) is used. Often, the larger ants have disproportionately larger heads, and correspondingly stronger mandibles. [110] Ant, Actor: The Underground Comedy Movie. Their ecological dominance is demonstrated by their biomass: ants are estimated to contribute 15–20 % (on average and nearly 25% in the tropics) of terrestrial animal biomass, exceeding that of the vertebrates. The ants in turn keep predators away from the aphids and will move them from one feeding location to another. [183], Ants and their larvae are eaten in different parts of the world. [41] Although formally known as dinergates, such individuals are sometimes called "soldier" ants because their stronger mandibles make them more effective in fighting, although they still are workers and their "duties" typically do not vary greatly from the minor or median workers. [176], Some ants have toxic venom and are of medical importance. The antennae are always elbowed. Parasitic ant species enter the colonies of host ants and establish themselves as social parasites; species such as Strumigenys xenos are entirely parasitic and do not have workers, but instead, rely on the food gathered by their Strumigenys perplexa hosts. Ant Group's highly anticipated IPO has been suspended following a meeting between the company's billionaire co-founder Jack Ma and regulators in … Their colour is usually yellow, brown, red, or black. The marked male is interpreted as an invader by worker ants and is killed. [45], Workers cannot mate; however, because of the haplodiploid sex-determination system in ants, workers of a number of species can lay unfertilised eggs that become fully fertile, haploid males. (false tocandiras) of South America [177] and the Myrmecia ants of Australia. Some species, such as the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), are regarded as invasive species, establishing themselves in areas where they have been introduced accidentally. [121], Other species of ants can form chains to bridge gaps over water, underground, or through spaces in vegetation. [124], Not all ants have the same kind of societies. [150] Another example of this type of ectosymbiosis comes from the Macaranga tree, which has stems adapted to house colonies of Crematogaster ants. [192], From the late 1950s through the late 1970s, ant farms were popular educational children's toys in the United States. Heat makes flying easier and freshly fallen rain makes the ground softer for mated queens to dig nests. "The nest architecture of the Florida harvester ant, "Tomb evaders: house-hunting hygiene in ants", "Nest-site Limitation and Nesting Resources of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Urban Green Spaces", "Nutritional upgrading for omnivorous carpenter ants by the endosymbiont Blochmannia", "Bacterial gut symbionts are tightly linked with the evolution of herbivory in ants", "The ant odometer: stepping on stilts and stumps", "Desert ants Cataglyphis fortis use self-induced optic flow to measure distances travelled", "Desert ant navigation: how miniature brains solve complex tasks", "The ant's estimation of distance travelled: experiments with desert ants, Cataglyphis fortis", "Smells like home: Desert ants, Cataglyphis fortis, use olfactory landmarks to pinpoint the nest", "Visual and tactile learning of ground structures in desert ants", "Homing in wood ants, Formica japonica: use of the skyline panorama", "Army ants trapped by their evolutionary history", "Fire ants self-assemble into waterproof rafts to survive floods", "Aspects of the biology of the primitive ant genus Myrmecia F. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)", "Ant and termite mound coinhabitants in the wetlands of Santo Antonio da Patrulha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil", "A new workerless social parasite in the ant genus. The head has two strong jaws, the mandibles, used to carry food, manipulate objects, construct nests, and for defence. [107], Flies in the Old World genus Bengalia (Calliphoridae) prey on ants and are kleptoparasites, snatching prey or brood from the mandibles of adult ants. Celebrity comedian ANT was born in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [46] For instance, these replete workers develop in the North American honeypot ant Myrmecocystus mexicanus. [21] Velvet ants look like large ants, but are wingless female wasps. They range in size from about 2 to 25 mm (about 0.08 to 1 inch). In some areas the red imported fire ant has been displaced by the invasive tawny crazy ant (also called hairy crazy ant, Nylanderia fulva), a species known in South America that was first detected in the United States (in Texas) in 2002. [39], Both the legs and wings of the ant are attached to the mesosoma ("thorax"). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Their attractive, almost sweetmeat-like translucency possibly invited the first essays at their consumption by the human species". Ant Download Manager (AntDM) is a quick download manager for any Internet file, that fully integrates with all popular browsers. Ant McPartlin's home has a very sentimental feature. [172] On the other hand, ants may become nuisances when they invade buildings, or cause economic losses. The role of workers may change with their age and in some species, such as honeypot ants, young workers are fed until their gasters are distended, and act as living food storage vessels. Taxonomic studies continue to resolve the classification and systematics of ants. Other species use pheromones to confuse the host ants or to trick them into carrying the parasitic queen into the nest. How to use ant in a sentence. [71] The use of pheromones as chemical signals is more developed in ants, such as the red harvester ant, than in other hymenopteran groups. [187], Observed by humans since the dawn of history, the behaviour of ants has been documented and the subject of early writings and fables passed from one century to another. Dolichoderus, a genus of ants that are found worldwide, glues together bits of animal feces for its nest. One half of famous comedy duo Ant and Dec, Ant McPartlin ascended to fame with Declan Donnelly in the early 90s after starring in Byker Grove. A: "I can't believe that minor leak totally rotted the floorboards in here." [148] In return, the ants obtain food from protein- and lipid-rich Beltian bodies. In 1995, he was a semi-regular cast member on the WB series Unhappily Ever After, spending four seasons on the sitcom.. Ant appeared as a contestant on Last Comic Standing, competing in seasons two and three.. Mated females then seek a suitable place to begin a colony. [53] The differentiation into queens and workers (which are both female), and different castes of workers, is influenced in some species by the nutrition the larvae obtain. Bullet ants (Paraponera), located in Central and South America, are considered to have the most painful sting of any insect, although it is usually not fatal to humans. [66], Most ants are univoltine, producing a new generation each year. Define ant. The species include Paraponera clavata (tocandira) and Dinoponera spp. [133][134], Aphids and other hemipteran insects secrete a sweet liquid called honeydew, when they feed on plant sap. Chemical methods include the use of insecticidal bait which is gathered by ants as food and brought back to the nest where the poison is inadvertently spread to other colony members through trophallaxis. Ants with this ability are able to control their horizontal movement so as to catch tree trunks when they fall from atop the forest canopy. [159] It is suggested that many tropical wasps may build their nests in trees and cover them to protect themselves from ants. [123] Polyrhachis sokolova, a species of ant found in Australian mangrove swamps, can swim and live in underwater nests. [202] The French neuroanatomist, psychiatrist and eugenicist Auguste Forel believed that ant societies were models for human society. Females of many species are known to be capable of reproducing asexually through thelytokous parthenogenesis. As a result, members of the successful group intensified their foraging attempts while the unsuccessful group ventured out fewer and fewer times. Omissions? A small issue that popped up while using the Ant.com Video Downloader was the lack of a definitive list of the video sites it supports. [99], Formica polyctena, among other ant species, constructs nests that maintain a relatively constant interior temperature that aids in the development of larvae. Ants occur worldwide but are especially common in hot climates. Ants evolved from vespoid wasp ancestors in the Cretaceous period, and diversified after the rise of flowering plants. It inflicts a painful sting and is considered a pest because of the large soil mounds associated with its nests. The workers may then run around continuously until they die of exhaustion. [153][152] Often, seed-dispersing ants perform directed dispersal, depositing the seeds in locations that increase the likelihood of seed survival to reproduction. Ant queens are estimated to live 100 times longer than solitary insects of a similar size. A few genera (e.g., Pheidole of North America) have a metallic lustre. [57][58], Ant colonies can be long-lived. The parasite also alters the behaviour of the ant, causing them to carry their gasters high. The similarity of their social structure to that of ants is attributed to convergent evolution. [38], Two antennae ("feelers") are attached to the head; these organs detect chemicals, air currents, and vibrations; they also are used to transmit and receive signals through touch. [22][23], Ants are found on all continents except Antarctica, and only a few large islands, such as Greenland, Iceland, parts of Polynesia and the Hawaiian Islands lack native ant species. [196] Aesop did the same in his fable The Ant and the Grasshopper. Ants identify kin and nestmates through their scent, which comes from hydrocarbon-laced secretions that coat their exoskeletons. Workers of many species have their egg-laying structures modified into stings that are used for subduing prey and defending their nests. Tailor, or weaver, ants, found in the tropics of Africa (e.g., Tetramorium), make nests of leaves and similar materials held together with silk secreted by the larvae. In a few species, the median workers are absent, creating a sharp divide between the minors and majors. The mandibles also permit slow and fine movements for other tasks. The paired antennae provide information about the direction and intensity of scents. The ant usually obtains the liquid by gently stroking the aphid’s abdomen with its antennae. [40] Only reproductive ants- queens, and males, have wings. [138] Other caterpillars have evolved from ant-loving to ant-eating: these myrmecophagous caterpillars secrete a pheromone that makes the ants act as if the caterpillar is one of their own larvae. Trap-jaw ants of the genus Odontomachus are equipped with mandibles called trap-jaws, which snap shut faster than any other predatory appendages within the animal kingdom. The worker subsequently dies. [173][174][175] The large heads of the dinergates (soldiers) of the leafcutting ant Atta cephalotes are also used by native surgeons in closing wounds. Career. Most ants live in nests, which may be located in the ground or under a rock or built above ground and made of twigs, sand, or gravel. Ant performed at comedy clubs across the US beginning in 1991. [169] Birds that follow ants eat many prey insects and thus decrease the foraging success of ants. The nervous system consists of a ventral nerve cord that runs the length of the body, with several ganglia and branches along the way reaching into the extremities of the appendages. [129][130] This form of parasitism is seen across many ant genera, but the parasitic ant is usually a species that is closely related to its host. Adam Ant is best known as a singer. Harvester ants (Messor, Pogonomyrmex) store grass, seeds, or berries in the nest, whereas ants of the genus Trachymyrmex of South America eat only fungi, which they cultivate in their nests. Ants evolved from a lineage within the stinging wasps, and a 2013 study suggests that they are a sister group of the Apoidea. Males secrete a mating pheromone that females follow. [43][44] Some other species show continuous variation in the size of workers. The ants maintain the nest temperature by choosing the location, nest materials, controlling ventilation and maintaining the heat from solar radiation, worker activity and metabolism, and in some moist nests, microbial activity in the nest materials. ANT is a Wireless Personal Network protocol, by Garmin Canada, with small size, reasonable cost and very low power requirements. 24–71, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, International Union for the Study of Social Insects, Task allocation and partitioning of social insects, "Phylogeny, classification, and species-level taxonomy of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)", "Newly discovered sister lineage sheds light on early ant evolution", "The rise of army ants and their relatives: diversification of specialized predatory doryline ants", "Phylogenomics resolves evolutionary relationships among ants, bees, and wasps", "A diverse ant fauna from the mid-cretaceous of Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)", "Fossil evidence for the early ant evolution", "A formicine in New Jersey cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: formicidae) and early evolution of the ants", "The rise of the ants: a phylogenetic and ecological explanation", "Rediscovery of the bizarre Cretaceous ant, "Miniaturisation decreases visual navigational competence in ants", "Attack behaviour and distance perception in the Australian bulldog ant, "The infrabuccal pocket of a formicine ant: a social filtration device", "Ask a Biologist: Face to Face with Ants", "A Fossil Ant Colony: New Evidence of Social Antiquity", "Physical castes in ant workers: a problem for, "Worker caste polymorphism has a genetic basis in Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants", "Alternative genetic foundations for a key social polymorphism in fire ants", "The causes and consequences of genetic caste determination in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)", "A Glossary of Terms and Phrases Used in the Study of Social Insects". In Fiji Philidris nagasau (Dolichoderinae) are known to selectively grow species of epiphytic Squamellaria (Rubiaceae) which produce large domatia inside which the ant colonies nest.

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